Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

Which statement best summarizes Toscanelli’s argument regarding a westward route to China?

1. A westward route would be longer than known routes

2. A direct westward route would be shorter than the Portuguese route

3. China was easily accessible by multiple routes

4. The Portuguese route was the most effective

The correct answer is: A direct westward route would be shorter than the Portuguese route

Toscanelli argued that a direct westward route to China would be shorter than the established Portuguese route around Africa. His calculations and geographical theories suggested that the distance between Europe and Asia could be greatly reduced by sailing directly west across the Atlantic Ocean. This idea was revolutionary at the time, as it challenged conventional wisdom about trade routes and opened the door for exploration that would eventually lead to significant discoveries in the New World. Toscanelli's perspective was pivotal for subsequent explorers, including Christopher Columbus, who sought to validate this theory by attempting to find a westward passage to Asia. This insight highlights the emerging ideas of the Renaissance concerning geography and exploration, setting the stage for significant changes in global trade and political dynamics.