Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

Which of the following was a key element of the Catholic Reformation initiated by Ignatius Loyola?

1. The establishment of Protestant congregations across Europe

2. The promotion of education and missionary work through the Jesuit order

3. The rejection of religious orders and monastic life

4. The expansion of the Vatican's political power across Europe

The correct answer is: The promotion of education and missionary work through the Jesuit order

The promotion of education and missionary work through the Jesuit order was indeed a key element of the Catholic Reformation initiated by Ignatius Loyola. Ignatius founded the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits, in 1534, with a strong emphasis on education as a means to combat Protestantism and strengthen the Catholic faith. The Jesuits established schools, colleges, and universities throughout Europe and beyond, emphasizing rigorous academic standards and a comprehensive curriculum that included not only religious instruction but also the humanities and sciences. In addition to education, the Jesuits were heavily involved in missionary work, spreading Catholicism in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, which helped to invigorate the church and promote a more active role in global affairs. This focus on both education and missionary outreach played a significant role in revitalizing the Catholic Church during a period of significant challenge and change. Ignatius's principles also encouraged personal piety, spiritual exercises, and a disciplined lifestyle among its members, tactics that helped to strengthen Catholic identity amidst the Protestant Reformation.