Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What role did overseas trade play in shaping Dutch society during the 17th century?

1. It had little effect on the economy

2. It spurred the growth of the art market

3. It contributed to religious conflicts

4. It caused social unrest among the peasantry

The correct answer is: It spurred the growth of the art market

Overseas trade played a pivotal role in shaping Dutch society during the 17th century, particularly in fostering economic prosperity, which in turn spurred the growth of the art market. The Dutch Republic emerged as a leading maritime power, establishing extensive trade networks that brought considerable wealth to the nation. This influx of wealth enabled a burgeoning middle class, composed of merchants and traders, to invest in and patronize the arts. The art market flourished during this time, characterized by an increase in the demand for paintings, particularly from renowned artists such as Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Hals, who depicted contemporary life and often catered to the taste of the affluent middle class. This environment nurtured a unique cultural and artistic identity, making the Dutch Golden Age notable for its contributions to art and culture, as well as the reflections of society captured in the works produced. The other options, while related to societal factors, do not accurately represent the significant impact of overseas trade on Dutch society in the context of the flourishing art market and the cultural achievements of the period.