Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What is Burke's stance on the concept of "the rights of men"?

1. He fully endorses them as a universal principle

2. He remains skeptical about their implications

3. He believes they should be prioritized over all laws

4. He agrees with their denouncement of tradition

The correct answer is: He remains skeptical about their implications

Burke's stance on the concept of "the rights of men" reflects a significant skepticism regarding their implications. As a philosopher and statesman writing in the late 18th century, Burke was critical of the abstract principles championed by Enlightenment thinkers, particularly in the context of the French Revolution. He argued that the rights of men, when taken as universal and absolute, could lead to chaos and disorder, undermining the established social and political order. Burke believed that rights should be understood within the context of tradition and historical circumstances rather than as standalone absolutes. He valued the continuity of social structures and institutions that had developed over time, suggesting that the uncritical application of "rights of man" could ignore the complexities and responsibilities that come with living in a society. His emphasis on preserving tradition and gradual reform rather than radical change underscores his skepticism, as he feared that the rush to embrace these rights could disrupt the moral and social fabric of society. This perspective is evident in his writings, particularly in "Reflections on the Revolution in France," where he articulates the dangers he associates with an unrestrained approach to individual rights.