Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What historical perspective is reflected in the artist's portrayal of Maria Theresa receiving homage?

1. Decline of royal power

2. Assertion of absolutism in a diverse empire

3. Promotion of republican values

4. Challenges of colonial rule

The correct answer is: Assertion of absolutism in a diverse empire

The portrayal of Maria Theresa receiving homage reflects the historical perspective of the assertion of absolutism in a diverse empire. Maria Theresa, who ruled as Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Austria, was a prominent figure in the 18th century known for her efforts to consolidate power within her diverse realm, which included various ethnic groups and territories with differing customs and laws. This depiction would emphasize her authority and the centralization of power, showcasing her role as a strong ruler looking to maintain control and stability in a multi-ethnic empire during a time when absolutism was a significant political philosophy. The artwork likely highlights her regality and the reverence from her subjects, symbolizing the acceptance of her rule and the reinforcement of her power against the backdrop of a complex political landscape. In contrast, other perspectives such as the decline of royal power, promotion of republican values, or challenges of colonial rule do not accurately represent Maria Theresa's reign or the significance of her rule. During her time, the notion of absolute monarchy was prominent, and her efforts were largely focused on utilizing that power to manage her diverse empire effectively.