Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

What describes the overall trends in English trade during the specified period?

1. Trade with Asia increased significantly

2. Overall trade grew, particularly with the Atlantic

3. Exports fell while imports surged

4. Dominance of land trade routes was established

The correct answer is: Overall trade grew, particularly with the Atlantic

The selection of the answer reflects a crucial development in English trade, particularly during the late 15th to 18th centuries when the nation was experiencing significant economic transformation. The overall trend of English trade during this period was characterized by substantial growth, particularly in trade with the Atlantic world. This growth can be attributed to various factors, including the expansion of colonial territories, the emergence of the triangular trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, and an increasing emphasis on maritime commerce over land routes. As England established itself as a key player in global trade networks, its engagement in the Atlantic trade routes facilitated the export of goods such as wool and manufactured products, while also opening avenues for the import of tobacco, sugar, and rum from the colonies. The thriving mercantilist policies of the time further supported this trend, as governments encouraged exports while regulating imports to favor national economic interests. Therefore, the growth of overall trade, especially in the Atlantic region, underscores the dynamic shifts in commerce during this era and aligns with the historical context of expanding maritime exploration and colonial endeavors.