Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

The ability of Luther's Ninety-Five Theses to have a significant effect on Europe is best explained by which of the following?

1. The use of the newly developed printing press to rapidly spread Protestant ideas

2. The support from local rulers and princes

3. The reaction from the Catholic Church and its counter-measures

4. The theological arguments presented in the theses

The correct answer is: The use of the newly developed printing press to rapidly spread Protestant ideas

The significant impact of Luther's Ninety-Five Theses on Europe can largely be attributed to the use of the newly developed printing press, which allowed for the rapid dissemination of Protestant ideas. The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century, revolutionized the spread of information by making books and pamphlets more accessible and affordable. Luther's ideas reached a wide audience quickly, enabling them to spark discussions and debates across Europe. The ability for individuals and communities to read and circulate his theses meant that more people could engage with his challenging ideas about church practices, such as the sale of indulgences, leading to increased support for reform. This rapid spread of printed material was crucial in mobilizing public opinion and ultimately contributing to the Protestant Reformation. While the other factors such as support from local rulers, responses from the Catholic Church, and the theological arguments contained within the theses were significant, it was the innovative mechanism of the printing press that played a foundational role in amplifying Luther's message and ensuring its far-reaching effects.