Advanced Placement (AP) European History Practice Exam

How did Renaissance thinkers typically approach the interpretation of religious texts?

1. With renewed emphasis on humanism and individuality

2. By adhering strictly to the authority of the Church

3. Through a focus on allegorical meanings

4. By applying mathematical reasoning

The correct answer is: With renewed emphasis on humanism and individuality

Renaissance thinkers approached the interpretation of religious texts with a renewed emphasis on humanism and individuality, reflecting the broader intellectual movement of the time. Humanism, which emphasized the value of human beings and the study of classical texts, encouraged scholars to seek personal understanding and interpretation of religious scripture rather than relying solely on traditional Church doctrine. This shift fostered a more critical and individualistic approach to theology, allowing Renaissance scholars to explore the deeper meanings and implications of texts. This focus on humanism often led these thinkers to examine the historical and cultural context of the biblical texts and to appreciate their literary aspects. Consequently, they sought to reconcile faith with reason and to promote personal spiritual experiences. Other approaches, such as adhering strictly to the authority of the Church, were less characteristic of Renaissance thinkers, as this period marked a significant challenge to ecclesiastical authority and dogma. Additionally, while there may have been an interest in allegorical meanings, the emphasis on humanist ideals was much more central to Renaissance thought. The application of mathematical reasoning, though relevant in certain intellectual circles, was not a primary method for interpreting religious texts during this period.